Third Eye or An Approach to Assist Blind People to Vision Using Ultrasonic Sensor or Blind People Navigation.

ABSTRACT

In this project we tried to make a device which will be helpful for blind and disable person which is portable and upgrade-able. It detects the object in front of this with a certain range. When object is detected a buzzer, sound is given to the user as an indication. While they hear this sound, they can know an obstacle in front of them. One of the main peculiarity of this device is that it will be affordable.

INTRODUCTION

Since the running of daily life of blind people is very difficult. This project helps them to run their life as usual. They can make this project as a gadget or a device in their hands which detects the obstacle. This project is more efficient than the existing system with cheaper and accurate one. Here we are using Arduino nano board to perform this operation. To make the life to be as a normal one for the blind peoples this may be very helpful project for them. By making this as a gadget or a device in their hand they can easily judge an object by their own by knowing the buzzer sound. The system uses ultrasonic sensor as a wide range of field to detect an object with its higher detection range.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The Circuit Diagram of our project is given bellow:

Working Operations:

This proposed system consists the equipment like Arduino nano, ultrasonic sensor, vibrating motor, buzzers for detecting the obstacles and letting the user know about the obstacle, Red LEDs, Switches, Jumper cable, power bank, Male and female header pins, 3.3-volt old mobile battery which is unused or discarded, some elastic and stickers to make the device wearable as a band for wearing for the users. The wiring of the device is done in a following manner. The Ground of LED, buzzer and vibration motor are connected to GND of the Arduino. The +ve of the LED and the middle leg of switch is connected to the Arduino pin 5. The +ve of the Buzzer is wired to the first leg of the switch and the +ve of the Vibration motor is wired to the third leg of the switch. The Ultrasonic sensor are wired accordingly. The Ultrasonic sensor pin VCC is connected to the Arduino pin VCC, Ultrasonic sensor pin GND is connected to the Arduino pin GND, Ultrasonic sensor pin Trig is attached to the Arduino pin 12, Ultrasonic sensor pin Echo is connected to the Arduino PIN 12. The switch used here is for selecting the mode. (Buzzer or vibration mode.) We first cut the pref board in 5 X 3 cm dimension and solder the female headers for the Arduino to the board. Then soldering of the buzzer is carried out. Then using the glue connect the vibrating motor and solder the wires to it. Then connection of the LED is done. Then connect the switch. Connect the header pins for ultrasonic sensors and for the battery input. Then solder all the things and connect the Arduino and ultrasonic sensor to the board. Also connect the elastic band to all the modules. For making the module for the hand, connect the ultrasonic sensor to the board by using 4 jumper cables. Then connect a 3.7-volt mobile battery to this module. Then connect the elastic band. In the end after all the connections are done to the Arduino board, upload the code to each Arduino board and power the 4 other modules using a power bank.

Ultrasonic Sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back information about an object's proximity.

Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting sound waves at a frequency too high for humans to hear. They then wait for the sound to be reflected back, calculating distance based on the time required. This is similar to how radar measures the time it takes a radio wave to return after hitting an object.
For ultrasonic sensing, the most widely used range is 40 to 70 kHz. The frequency determines range and resolution; the lower frequencies produce the greatest sensing range. At 58 kHz, a commonly used frequency, the measurement resolution is one centimeter (cm), and range is up to 11 meters.
Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound pulses at regular intervals. If they strike an object, then they are reflected back as echo signals to the sensor, which itself computes the distance to the target based on the time-span between emitting the signal and receiving the echo.
The use of ultrasound in medical diagnosis; in the treatment of certain diseases; in flaw-detection and navigation systems; for control systems in industry; for cleaning; in the operation of drills and saws; and in various metal-working processes.

Arduino Nano

Arduino Nano is one type of microcontroller board, and it is designed by Arduino.cc. It can be built with a microcontroller like Atmega328. The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328 (Arduino Nano 3.x). It has more or less the same functionality of the Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack, and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one.
Power Consumption: 19 mA.
Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 2 KB used by bootloader.
Clock Speed: 16 MHz

Basic Features of Arduino Nano:

• It has 22 input/output pins in total.
• 14 of these pins are digital pins.
• Arduino Nano has 8 analogue pins.
• It has 6 PWM pins among the digital pins.
• It has a crystal oscillator of 16MHz.
• Its operating voltage varies from 5V to 12V.

The entire project can be made in the form of jacket, so that the device doesn't need to be wear one by one. By specifically suing the specialized boards that are designed, using them instead of Arduino and also by using high quality ultrasonic sensors makes and gives faster response which make the device capable of working in crowded places and thus this will be implemented in the future enhancement of this device. We can add safety equipment, gprs, smart notification and alarm also voice direction for walk. Emergency safety contact sms alert system.
We can add IR sensor for climbing stair or anti foot stroke safety and vibration sensor for fall down safety. IR sensor can give accurate feedback in short distance. So by using this a blind person climb up on stair. Moreover vibration sensor can detect vibration accurately. So we can use that sensor; when patient or user fall down an alarm will ring.

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