Types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions

Types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions


Image by Volcanoes the movie

What is a volcano?

A volcano is created by an opening in the surface either on a planet or the moon that allows material, magma, that is warmer than its surroundings to push through the surface. When these materials escape through the surface an eruption is caused.

Types of volcanoes

There are different types of volcanoes

Image by Owlcation

  1. Composite volcanoes
    This type of volcano consists of different layers of solid lava flow that is mixed with layers of other rocks.

Composite Volcanic Eruption

  1. Shield volcanoes
    A shield volcano is built almost entirely from fluid lava vents. This is because when it is viewed from above you can see how massive and imposing they are, just like a warrior's shield.

Shield Volcano Eruption

  1. Cinder Cone Volcanoes
    This type of volcano doesn't have any horizontal layers. It instead have a steep conical hill of tephra or otherwise known as volcanic debris that accumulates around and downwind from the vent.

Cinder Cone Volcano Eruption

  1. Lava Dome Volcanoes
    A lava dome volcano forms when extremely viscous lava erupts, hardening in a dome shape. The lava dome volcano only emerge once, they are usually extinct after that.

Lava Dome Volcanic Eruption

The devastating sight of a volcano


Video by WatchMojo

STEM Project

Activity 1: Easy volcano eruption (NO CLEAN UP NEEDED)


Image by Lemon and Lime Adventures

You will need the following:

  1. Plastic cup
  2. Water
  3. 3-4 tablespoons of baking soda (4-6 tablespoons will make 2-3 eruptions)
  4. 1 teaspoon of dish soap
  5. half an ounce or 2 ounces of washable paint. (This will depend on the intensity of the color you desire.
  6. 1 cup of vinegar per eruption.

Instructions:

  1. Find an area outside that has pea gravel, sand or dirt.
  2. Let the children make a mound that will be the place where the cup is put on top.
  3. Put the water inside the plastic up. Fill it about 2/3 full.
  4. Add the baking soda, dish soap and washable paint.
  5. Put the cup on top of the mound the children made.
  6. Stir the ingredients once more.
  7. Now add the vinegar and see how the volcano erupts.

Here is a video you can watch about this eruption:

Sources

  1. Source 1
  2. Video Source 1
  3. Video Source 2
  4. Video Source 3
  5. Video Source 4


Created by Giphy

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