Advanced Guide – How To Make a Wormhole

Making a wormhole isn't easy. But physicists have a plan. A plan that includes two black holes with opposite electric charges and cosmic strings.

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Many people would like to have a wormhole. You see, the Universe is big. And we live in a small corner of the Milky Way and the distance even to the closest of nearby stars are heartbreaking. And wormholes, at least in the way we imagine them, are essentially shortcuts through the empty void that would give us the Universe on a silver platter.

Now we just need one thing. Build them. The problem is that wormholes – if they exist – could be extremely unstable. If just a single photon flew into the wormhole it could collapse in an instant. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, a wormhole could maybe be used a shortcut through the universe. At least this is the claim of Zicao Fu and his coworkers from the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Fu and his colleagues thought of a way that could – at least theoretically – allow us to build a somewhat stable wormhole. It wouldn't last forever but it would be collapsing slowly enough for us to send through information and maybe even some material things. All you need are two black holes and a pair of infinitely long cosmic strings.

As the more knowledge (or professional physicists) among you might know, you need negative mass to stabilize a wormhole. Negative mass would keep the wormhole safe from the disruptive effects of classical mass on the wormhole. But sadly, we have never seen negative mass and we don't even know if it exists. Another option might be to connect a black hole with its hypothetical counterpart – a white hole. But, again sadly, white holes probably don't exist. But there is another option – connect two black holes with an opposite electric charge. But even that would probably not work. Such black holes would probably be very unstable because the opposite charges would make them very attracted to each other. In the end, they would just collapse into one electrically neutral black hole.

This is where Fu and his team come to the scene. They created a new plan in which they describe the process step by step. They added a crucial component to the oppositely charged black holes plan – cosmic strings. Again, these are so far only theoretical. But what should be is: topological defects from the early universe. They probably appeared as a result of the phase shift of vacuum just fractions of a second after the Big Bang. They should be unbelievable rare and exotic – looking like a string just a proton wide but insanely massive.

Thanks to their unique properties of cosmic strings they could allow wormholes to exist and be stable for at least a while. One of the two cosmic strings would need to be woven into black holes in a manner in which they pass through the edges of both the black holes. This would ensure that the two black holes don't get too close to each other and don't collapse into a single neutral black hole.

After that, you use the second cosmic string. You weave it through the newly formed wormhole so the knots of the string don't interfere into normal space. And cosmic string would vibrate and the vibrations would cause negative energy to be created. This would stabilize the wormhole. Over time, the cosmic strings would disappear and the whole construction would collapse but it would exist for long enough to do interesting stuff with it.

Now, we just need to prove that cosmic strings exist, build a few black holes and do a bit of weaving. But then, then we could have a real Stargate.

Sources:

• https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.03273

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