Understanding the Nervous System and it's Functions

There no human being around with a brain, some people might be born and without legs, hands and some other part of the body but never without a brain. That is what brings to the aspect of brain. But to understand the brain and how it works they are things to know like what forms the brain? which part of the brain controls which part of the body? Why is the brain so dynamic, Important and crucial to life. So this unsolved puzzle brings us to the Nervous System.

What does the Nervous System mean? The Nervous System is the most upgraded part of the part of the cell, tissue and nerves which support life of an organism. The Nervous System is the overall co ordinator of the body be it voluntary actions or involuntary actions, it deals with everything going on in the body and a slight problem to a part of the Nervous System lead to death or harm of some part of the body or even total damages. There are basically two types or branches of the Nervous System which are the Central Nervous System which includes the brain and the spinal cord as well the Peripheral Nervous which includes the Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System.

Let start with the Peripheral Nervous: It is the Nervous System which control involuntary actions of the body. It is connects involuntary muscles from the body and sensory activities to the CNS.The Peripheral Nervous System is further divided into Autonomic Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System.
The Autonomic Nervous System aside from these the Peripheral Nervous System are made up of nerve that connects to involuntary muscles and sensory receptors which links them to the brain. The main Functions of the PNS are
•They send send sensory information from the body to the Central Nervous System
•they convey communication to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles
The PNS divided into which are Autonomic Nervous System and the Somatic Nervous System.
The Autonomic Nervous System regulates the body internal features or the internal Environment of the body such as the heart, blood vessels, the intestine and lining of the stomach. It regulates their functions through respiration, digestion and all other internal activities. The ANS is further divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic which works antagonistically to one another.
The sympathetic is stimulated during emotional stages like ager, fear and making the body active during time of danger while the parasympathetic makes the body relax and Conserves it energy while not needed.
The Somatic Nervous System on the other hand transmit or conveys messages from the eyes and other sensory receptors to the CNS and then the CNS then sends message to the muscles of the part that is needed.

 Central Nervous System

This also a subdivision of the Nervous System, this part contains the brain and the spinal cord.
The major functions of the spinal cord is to Carry out reflex actions such as sneezing, blinking of the eyes and also helps in to support balance and posture. And any damage to the spinal cord would cause permanently paralyzed body especially the legs in case of man.
WHILE The Brain is the most delicate and vital organ in the body man. Any little problem to the brain can cause damages. The brain is house by a strong bony structure which is regarded as the skull .The brain is also divided into subdivision which are
•Hind brain
•Mid brain
•Fore Brain.

The hind brain is the regarded as the brain stem, it is the lowest and very vital part of the brain. The brain stem which is the hind brain contains the medulla and the Pons. The medulla is a very important and supportive layer in the brain, it controls our hearts rate as well as respiration. Any damage to the medulla causes death. The Pons carries nerves impulses from higher and lower level of the Nervous System.

Also in the hind brain we have cerebellum. It helps us during learning and memory, it also helps in movement of muscles of the body. But the problem about the cerebellum is that it highly affected by the intake of alcohol.

•The Mid Brain: It is an important centre in the brain, it is responsible for man's visual and auditory system. The mid controls the eye movement as well as control of sleep and consciousness and alertness. Damage to this part can lead to coma

•The Fore Brain: It is the largest part of the brain, it is the most advance and functional part of the brain. It consists of cerebrum, thalamus, hypo thalamus, limbry system, hippocampus, amygdala.
•Thalamus: The talamus is the relay station were all sensory information passes before it is been done by the brain. Damage to This part will prevent information from getting to the brain.
•Hypo Thalamus: the hypo Thalamus regulates the needs for survival like fighting, feeding, mating and fleeing. Damage to this part can cause over eating of an individual even do he is filled up.
•Limbry System: It helps to regulates our behaviours in urge for something, it helps us to satisfy our emotional and it seeks punishment and reward after an action is done.
•Hypocampus: it helps us in formation and retrieving of memories. Damage to this part would cause lost of memories.
•Amygdala: it regulates emotionally responses through aggression and fear
•Cerebrum: It is regarded as set of complex thought, it is the largest, most complex part of the brain. It is responsible for our mental activities like remembering, learning, thinking and consciousness.
It is Divided into two hemisphere known as cerebral hemisphere. Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into lobes which are for different and specific purpose namely:
•Occipital Lobe: This cortex is for visual process. It receives visual information.
•Pericical Lobe: It receives information about touch and it is called the Somatosensory Cortex
•Temporal lobe: it receives auditory information and it is called the primary auditory cortex
•Frontal lobe: it controls the movement of the muscles in the body and it is the largest of all the lobes and it is called primary motor lobe.

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