Hi hive people,its my pleasure to meet you all again.i am going put some clinical acenarios to know about clinical entities in surgery.

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After seeing the image we get into our minds Black panther - chadwick boseman played this character and he is a good actor.but unfortuantely he died of a cancer.what is that one? Lets read this clinical scenario.......

CLINICAL SCENARIO - 2

A 61 year old man presents with complaints of fatigue and shortness of breath.he has conjunctival pallor and has lost significant weight over 3 months.a CBC reveals low haemoglobin and MCV.a stool occult blood test is positive.what is the next best investigation in evaluation? And why?

ANSWER - this case telling that the elderly patient has sudden onset anemia and stool occult blood test is positive.so it points towards daignosis of colorectal carcinoma.
as in right colon cancer,we see melena and fatigue assosiated with anemia.
colonoscopy is the next best investigation and it is the gold standard.biopsy is also taken while doing this.

CLINICAL SCENARIO - 2

A 55 year old woman presents with abdominal pain and constipation.A barium enema reveals an apple core sign.what is diagnosis?in which part of the colon is such a growth commonly seen?

ANSWER - colon cancer more precisely left colon cancer

Apple core sign" in barium enema is suggestive of a constricting type of colon cancer that is more common left side.

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Ulcerative type is more common on the right side.

By these two clinical scenarios we know that the cancer which i am going to say is COLORECTAL CANCER or COLON CANCER

chadwick boseman died because of this cancer

COLORECTAL CANCER

Most common site occurs in - RECTUM and then SIGMOID COLON

Risk factors-

• high animal fat diet
• low fibre diet
• alcohol
• FAP
• HNPCC
• IBS
• colecystectomy(increaaed right colon cancer sue to exposure to bile acids)
  -ureterosigmoidstomy
• smoking
• sessile polyps(size of poly >2 cm)

Protective factors -

• calcium,selenium,vitamin A,C,and E,carotenoids,and plant phenols.

Mutations - APC gene mutation k-ras and p53 mutations.

Right colon cancer vs left colon cancer

TNM staging and modified dukes staging is used for staging the cancer

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Surgery and chemotherapy is the treatment

Thanks for putting your time in looking at my post.

With regards,