SEPARATION TECHNIQUES 1

separation techniques are physical methods used for The separation of mixtures in order to remove the impurities and as obtain pure samples of chemical substances.

the principal solution is based on a difference is in the physical properties of the component of the mixtures.

such properties include physical state the particle size the colour the density the melting point the boiling point the solubility in common solvent the magnetic properties the polarity and degree of adsorption.

now let us take note at suction occurs when a substance becomes attached to the surface of a liquid or a solid it is far far different from absorption because student tends to confuse the two times together adsorption is different from absorption.

examples of separation techniques are:

(1). filtration.

filtration method is used to separate a mixture of a solid in contact with a liquid in which it is insoluble the method is based on the differences and the physical state and the in solubility of one component of the mixture in the other.

examples of mixtures that can be separated by filtration method are;

(a). suspended particles in water or muddy water
(b). sediment in a sample of water
(c). a saturated solution in contact with undissolved solid.

(2). decantation.

decantation is similar to free tuition like filtration decantation is based on the in solubility of a solid in a liquid but what really differentiates them is that in the cantation the solid is of greater density and it sinks.

example of of a mixture that can be separated by decantation is.

(a). a mixture of iron nails and water the liquid is simply poor or from the mixture leaving the solid that is the iron nails in the container.

(3). evaporation to dryness.

evaporation method is used to recover a solid from a liquid solvent in which it is soluble to give a solution.

the method is suitable if the solid has a high melting point that it cannot be decomposed by heating.

evaporation is based on the large difference between the boiling point of the solid and a solvent.

example of mixture that can be separated by evaporation to dryness is:

(a). common salt can be recovered from is Aqueous solution by complete evaporation of water.

(4). crystallization.

like evolution to join is crystallization method is also used to recover a solid from a liquid solvent in which it is soluble to give a solution but the main definition below 32 is that crystallization method is suitable for a solid with either a low or high melting point.

crystallization process of obtaining crystals from a saturated solution.