The science contained in an AAA Battery

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Hello to all reader friends who love science and technology, for this opportunity I bring you the science contained in an AAA battery, which we use in our daily lives and help us improve our quality of life, since thanks to it we can use a wide range of devices and controls. The most reference data in the most universal way per decile in this way, because they are the basics in reference to the nominal voltage is 1.5V, my friend for the case of alkalines, and 1.2V we also have the case for NiMH rechargeable, but the singular thing, as I always mention, is that the way the amount of energy they store is measured in Ampere-hours (Ah), or milli-ampere-hours (mAh), that is thanks to their composition and life useful according to its full use, apart from being composed of a single cell, it can also be referred to as an electrolytic cell, we cannot leave out the information of the AAA lithium batteries weighing approximately 7.6 grams, and the rechargeable batteries (Ni- MH) normally weigh between 14-15, the uniqueness of its composition components: zinc carbon, alkaline, lithium, we already have a more pleasant reference for our understanding.


Well my friends, we already have a good reference for the battery, that is why a simple battery has a galvanic or voltaic cell, which, thanks to its composition of materials, converts chemical energy, in a singular way, into electrical energy for a transitory chemical process, taking into account this one has electrode poles or also mentioned terminals, now it has the positive pole (cathode) and the other is the negative pole (anode), we cannot forget that in turn these are introduced into a solution conductor of electricity. What we can do even at home, now if we take any battery and open it, what we are going to find is a cylindrical container of zinc, which is the negative pole, filled with an electrolytic paste, and by a bar of carbon in the center referring to the positive electrode, for a moment in the history of humanity we go to the year 1866, Georges Leclanché invented the Leclanché battery in France, precursor of the dry battery, which this battery called dry was by its composition of zinc-manganese dioxide, to think from the moment I change the thought of another alternative to generate energy, I just leave it to your reflection.


Continuing within this order of ideas, it must be clear that in the case of non-rechargeable batteries, they transform chemical energy into electrical energy, within their chemical reaction process, since in the case of the rechargeable one that reversing the chemical reactions inside it by supplying electrical energy to the cell occurs in a different way. At the level of physics and chemistry, thanks to the science contained in the battery, it is the reduction-oxidation that allows us to know the behavior of either one or more electrons being transferred between the reagents contained within the battery system, causing a change in their oxidation states, which is evidenced by the oxidizing and reducing agents.


This is a representation of chemical reactions where:

Anode: Zn (s) + 2 OH– (aq) → Zn(OH)2 (s) + 2 e–Cathode: 2 MnO2 (s) + 2 H2O (l) + 2 e– → 2 MnO( OH) (s) + 2 OH–(aq)Global: Zn (s) + 2 MnO2 (s) + 2 H2O (l) → Zn(OH)2(aq) + 2 MnO(OH) (s). sources

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Bearing in mind that the information on chemical reactions, now at the physics level we must know its electrical part, since it shows us what work has been done on the unit of circulating charge, in our case the AAA battery, the unit of tension is the volt, it will depend on the capacity of each bacterium for its capacity of voltage power in the use that it applies or is used.

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We already have the voltage data now we have the current intensity, based on the same analysis scheme of the battery or AAA battery, its current intensity will depend thanks to its structure to be able to be transferred through a cross section of a conductor per time unit, all that intensity subject to a time interval, its measurement is in amps (A), since not all batteries are rechargeable and others only have hours of life of use, edo serves as the basis for analyzing the behavior of the load capacity in the form of emitting and accumulator is the load that the internal element can store, that is why it is measured in ampere-hours (Ah).

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Here we have a simple representation of energy for the case of a battery, it depends on its capacity and its voltage.

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All images and gif were edited by my Samsung A23 phone


Bibliographical References


Electricity: Principles & Applications by Richard J. Fowler, 2013.


Principles of Electricity and Electronics III 2nd Ed., Volume 3, 2010.


Types of chemical reactions (FPB CA II - Science 2) By Beatriz Moraleda Luna, Luis Llanos Vaca, 2019.

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5 comments
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Thanks for all of that! Nice explanation
! But how does it leak? This batteries often leak
!1UP


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(Edited)


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Greetings, well, I refer to the AAA, but in the case of alkaline, everything has a useful life or called an hour of life, since it has leaks because the batteries work with active chemical reactions that do not last forever, also another important fact for the case of the alkaline ones because they have the following, a liquid electrolyte called potassium hydroxide, whose chemical component is very corrosive and can slowly wear out the battery case, when it is evident that it is completely discharged.


The reaction is when potassium hydroxide is released and it combines with oxygen in the environment.
KOH + H2O = K2CO3 is an alacylan salt, it is the powder that is evident in a battery that has already spent its hours of use.

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