[Eng-Spa] Power Management at the Software Intermediate Layer in Embedded Systems
Hello Friends of Hive and dear readers, it is a pleasure to be with you presenting topics of science, research, technology and innovation. In this opportunity I focus the attention on Energy Management in the Software Intermediate Layer in Embedded Systems.
Hola Amigos de Hive y apreciados lectores un gusto estar con ustedes presentándoles temas de la ciencia, investigación, tecnología e innovación. En esta oportunidad centro la atención en la Gestión de Energía en la Capa Intermedia de Software en Sistemas Empotrados.
It is important to note that the topic of this post includes fundamentals and elements that are scattered in the literature of electronics, digital and computational systems, which I have handled and integrated from my expertise with Embedded Computing Systems.
Es importante destacar, que el tema de este post incluye fundamentos y elementos que están dispersos en la literatura de la electrónica, los sistemas digitales y computacionales, que he manejado e integrado desde mi experticia con los Sistemas Computacionales Empotrados.
Software power management has two aspects, one is the optimization of the code in the compilation process, as mentioned in the previous post, and the other is the power management mechanisms in the middle software layer (control kernel or operating system), provided that the processor has the management facilities and resources.
El manejo de la energía desde el software tiene dos vertientes, una es la optimización del código en el proceso de compilación, señalado en el post anterior, y otra, los mecanismos de gestión de energía en la capa intermedia de software (núcleo de control o sistema operativo), siempre y cuando el procesador tenga las facilidades y recursos de gestión.
This management has grown due to the resources incorporated in the processors to meet the energy autonomy required by the systems at an application level.
Este manejo ha crecido por los recursos incorporados en los procesadores para atender la autonomía energética que requieren los sistemas a un nivel de aplicación.
For system development solutions, which use this power management, they are arranged in three bands.
Para las soluciones de desarrollo de sistemas, que utilizan esta gestión de energía, están dispuestos en tres bandas.
One, from custom or conventional designs where the particular requirements of the application are taken into account.
Una, desde los diseños a la medida o convencionales donde se tienen en cuenta los requerimientos particulares de la aplicación.
The second, which makes use of embedded operating systems, requires processors that handle many more resources. These include power-autonomous real-time operating systems such as FreeRTOS, AtomThreads, TinyOS, Contiki.
La segunda, que echa mano de sistemas operativos empotrados, requiriendo de procesadores que manejen muchos más recursos. Entre ellos se encuentran sistemas operativos de tiempo real autónomos de energía como FreeRTOS, AtomThreads, TinyOS, Contiki.
And the third, embedded applications that handle medium and low resources, which to meet the specifications must manage tasks, which in many cases are concurrent and demand power management. On these occasions, the solution lies in incorporating scheduling algorithms, which could be real-time.
Y la tercera, aplicaciones empotradas que manejan medianos y bajos recursos, que para cumplir con las especificaciones deben gestionar las tareas, que en muchos casos son concurrentes y demandan gestión de energía. En estas ocasiones, la solución recae en incorporar algoritmos de planificación, que pudieran ser de tiempo real.
Any of the three, must have facilities and resources for such management, techniques that I present below.
Cualquiera de las tres, debe tener facilidades y recursos para dicha gestión, técnicas que a continuación presento.
For the DPM, direct collaboration with the hardware is necessary, as the hardware has to support the programming of interfaces that allow the middle software layer to change power states.
Para el DPM es necesario una colaboración directa con el hardware, ya que este tiene que soportar la programación de interfaces que permitan a la capa intermedia de software cambiar los estados de energía.
The DVS, DFS and DVFS techniques use the sign of the Dynamic Power (Pdynamic) which varies linearly with frequency and quadratically with respect to voltage (VDD).
Las técnicas DVS, DFS y DVFS utilizan lo señalado de la Potencia Dinámica (Pdynamic) que varía linealmente con la frecuencia y en forma cuadrática con respecto al voltaje (VDD).
In addition, the processors used have facilities to change their power modes and/or the ability to vary the speed. All the above with the commitment of not degrading the performance of the system or application.
Además, los procesadores utilizados tienen facilidades para cambiar sus modos de energía y/o la capacidad de variar la velocidad. Todo lo anterior con el compromiso de no degradar el desempeño del sistema o aplicación.
See you soon, I hope the reading has been enriching.
Nos vemos pronto, espero que la lectura haya sido enriquecedora.
I invite you to visit me and follow me @alfonsoalfonsi.
Los invito a visitarme y seguirme en @alfonsoalfonsi.
Alfonsi A., Yánez R. y Pérez J. (2017). Distribución del Tiempo Ocioso Orientado al Ahorro de Energía en Tareas de Control de Tiempo Real. Revista Ciencia e Ingeniería, 38(2), 159-166.
https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5075/507555007008/html/
Alsheikhy, A. (2021). Dynamic approach to minimize overhead and response time in scheduling
periodic real-time tasks. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 8(4), 75-8.
https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.04.009
Ibrahim, D. (2019). ARM-Based microcontroller projects using MBED. Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102969-5.00015-X (67)
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La imagen del Título fue realizado por @alfonsoalfonsi usando CANVAS e imagen de PxHere.
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El separador es de mi propiedad realizado con CANVAS e imagen de klipartz image.
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It has been awhile since I read one of your write ups. I enjoy reading this one. Power management is essentially in operating embedded systems.
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Thank you @juecoree for reading and supporting my posts. One of the issues on the table is the power consumed by the devices, and a lot of effort is being made to match them to the applications. Thanks again.
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Con el apoyo de la familia.
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Gracias, gracias @topfivefamily por apoyar. SEguimos en comunicación. Gracias
Hola querido @alfonsoalfonsi, buen tema, disfrute leer tu post.
Gracias por continuar desarrollando contenido de ciencias, educación y tecnologia de calidad en contenido e ilustración.
Felicitaciones!
Hola @raizayanez gracias por seguirme en este continuo entregar de lo que mas me gusta. Gracias
Thanks for sharing this with us. This was quite interesting to read, and the blog was very clear. I have moreover learned a few things in the process!
I imagine that all of this is fully embedded into any modern system, isn't it?
Cheers!
Hi, @lemouth thank you. Regarding the question, yes current processors have the facilities and resources to take advantage of the techniques pointed out, just that some are commonly used, such as DPM, others depend on the application and you have to split hairs. Thanks.
Thanks for coming back to my (naive) question. Have a nice week!
My pleasure, thank you