Understanding Blockchain Cryptography and its Functions!
What is Cryptography? Well, we can understand it as a technique or set of them with which it is sought to alter a message by codifying it so that it can only be understood by whoever wishes who codified it.
Under this same concept Blockchain use cryptography, simply as a way to encrypt messages based on a technique, for example Bitcoin Blockchain uses the HASH SHA-256 function to encrypt your Blockchain messages, generate wallet keys , sign transactions, etc.
To understand this more easily, we can say that the hash-named hash function converts certain data that is unintedible for a human being in something understandable for a computer, data that will only own the human being, for example a private key, is something more than a series of meaningless letters for someone, however a computer can use the private key to decrypt the public key and give access to their funds, all without the need to have the key data stored on a web, as on bank platforms Conventional
Basically cryptography is the basis of Blockchains, thanks to this is possible its structure and security, two things that make the Blockchain as reliable and defendant as they are today. Some of the most famous Blockchain today are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano, Binance Smart Chain, Terra and among many others.
Cryptography of public key
This is the key with which we will basically receive the money, it will be like our address and its cryptography is based on a hash function that is applied to the private key, as with the example explained from the SHA-256 function that Bitcoin uses, simply applies the function on the private key and the public is obtained, the opposite process is impossible (practically impossible, at least for now and it is expected to be a long time until it stops being safe, at least in the case of the SHA function 256)
Basically we use this key to encrypt the messages that someone sends and these can only be decrypted by those who own the private key.
This is the key with which we will basically receive the money, it will be like our address and its cryptography is based on a hash function that is applied to the private key, as
Cryptography of private key
The private key is more of the same, basically it is like a kind of password with which we can decrypt the public key, (as asymmetric cryptography, concept that expands later) in the Blockchain tends to be seen as a series of words to those that we call seed, because of its extension of characters at which the hash function was applied, well at least this is an example, because its base is only to decrypt the encrypted messages with the public key
Cryptography of digital signatures
Digital signatures
In the process that you mention previously about asymmetric cryptography and that will better explain later, where the public key is used to send a message that is subsequently decrypted by the private key digital signatures occur, these signatures are used to give validity to the message From the sender, for example, let's say that you want to perform a Tokens transaction in Bitcoin Blockchain, who is the sender must sign the transaction with your private key so that it is valid. For the digital signature process, the message data (transaction) is used to which a hash and the private key are applied, combining them in a certain way.
This combination gives a series of data that are sent together with the transaction, thus the same system can verify the transaction (by whom it receives) at the time that who receives the same decrypt with his private key, but without the need for Know the private key of the sender.
Singing of Transaction / Message
Singing of Transaction is basically the process in which a transaction or message is signed to buy that the sender is the one who says it is (at least someone with access to the private key), as explained by a series of data that is They form based on the data of the transaction or message and the private key of the sender.
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