This article is a very interesting study which relates high levels of desphospho-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein (dp-ucMGP) with the formation of kidney stones. High levels of dp-ucMGP are caused by low levels of vitamin K.

Link to the article.
Link for the pdf article.

To quote this article in bibliography:

Wei, Fang-Fei, Lutgarde Thijs, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Lotte Jacobs, Wen-Yi Yang, Erika Salvi, Lorena Citterio, Nicholas Cauwenberghs, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Nadja E.A. Drummen, Azusa Hara,Paolo Manunta, Yan Li, Peter Verhamme, Karel Allegaert, Daniele Cusi, Cees Vermeer andJan A. Staessen. “The Risk of Nephrolithiasis is Causally Related to Inactive Matrix Gla Protein, a Marker of Vitamin K Status: a Mendelian Randomization Study in a Flemish Population." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 33, no. 3 (2018): 514-522. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfx014

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Kidney Image downloaded form iStock. Here is the link to the image. A Standard License was purchased which allows the use of the file for any personal, business or commercial purposes that aren't otherwise restricted by the license.