Causes of Loss in Soil Fertility; Teacher's guide.

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Subject:- Agricultural Science

Class:- Primary 4

Topic:- Causes of Loss in Soil Fertility.

Duration:- 35 minute

Date:- 9th May 2020

Behavioural Objectives:-

At the end of the lesson the lesson the students should be able to:-
1. List the causes of loss in soil fertility; and.
2. Define the causes list above.

Previous knowledge:-

The students have been taught the introductory part of the lesson.

Instructional Material(s):-

Flip chat showing some activities that can cause loss of soil fertility.

Introduction:

Growing crops on a soil many years reduces the amount of plant foods(nutrients) in the soil as the planted crops take a high amount of nutrients from the soil, thereby making the soil less fertile.

Presentation:-

Step 1:- Causes of Loss in Soil fertility.

A fertile soil is a soil that contains all the needed plant foods(nutrients) in the right proportion. When a soil is fertile, it means that it is very food for plants growth.
The fertility of the soil can be most through the following ways:-

1. Leaching:-
This is simply the Washing away of plants foods(nutrient s) by water from the top of the soil down into the soil level where plants' roots cannot reach or use.

2. Burning:-
This is the setting of bush on fire. It is mostly done on farmlands after clearing. During burning, dead plants ams animals that are supposed to decay and form humans are burnt. As a result of this, plant foods(nutrients) are lost and the fertility of the soil is reduced.

3. Cleaning clearing of farmland
Clean Clearing is the removal of all plants covering a piece of land in such a way that no plant is left to cover the surface of the soil. It leads to leaching and erosion which remove a lot of nutrients from the soil.

4. Mono-cropping:-
Soil loses it's fertility through a continuous planting of the same type of crops on a farmland for many planting seasons.

5. Overgrazing:-
This is when farm animals are made to feed excessively on grasses growing on a piece of land for too long, thereby exposing the land to erosion. Erosion removes a lot of plant food from the soil.

6. Erosion:-
Erosion is the removal of the top soil layer as a result of run-off from rainfall or strong wind. Water erosion mostly occurs during heavy rainfall, while wind erosion occurs in very dry and hot areas.

Evaluation:-

The teacher ask the students questions to ascertain the level of their understanding:-
1. List the causes of loss in soil fertility; and.
2. Define the causes list above

Homework:-

1. List ams explain two cause of loss of soil fertility.
2. List two ways of improving soil fertility.

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