STUDYING A COMMUNITY OF BIRDS IN SUBURBAN AREAS (ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN)🐦🦉🦚

The following scientific project was financed by the (ZOOMEZ) (ICLAM) (L.U.Z) government entity and scientific university dedicated to the study of bird communities! I was invited to participate in this project working as an ornithologist🐾🦢🦜

El siguiente proyecto cientifico fue financiado por el (ZOOMEZ) (ICLAM) (L.U.Z) entes del gobierno y universidad cientifica dedicada al estudio de comunidades de aves! fui invitado a participar en este proyecto funcionando como ornitologo👨‍🎓👨‍🏫

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RESUMEN!👩‍🎓👨‍🎓👨‍🏫 / ABSTRACT!🌏🧭

The present work aimed to evaluate the community structure of the bird community in the suburban area "Parque Jardin Zoologico Metropolitano" Zulia state VENEZUELA, for the purpose the linear transect method was used with a 2km route in which record each individual observed along the way, performing a total of 3 monthly samplings for 7 months for a total of 21 days. (September / 2012 - March 2013). The studied bird community is in accordance with 84 species, divided into 33 families! 11 species were recorded as migratory birds, (Cathartes aura, Pandion haliaetus, Tyrannus savana, Tyrannus dominicensis, setophaga ruticilia, falco columbarius, tringa solitaria, tringa melanoleuca, seiurus noveboracensis, dendroica aestiva, Piranga rubura. (14.90%), Columbina squammata (9.66%), thraupis episcopus (6.03%) and Quiscalus lugubris (5.70%) the values ​​of (JACCARD and SORENSEN) show little similarity between the rainy season and drought, this served to corroborate work previous, the richness of the area 9.92 (Margalef index). The dry period showed a richness of (9.95) while the rainy season (7.89). In general the park showed a diversity of H = 3.495 the greatest diversity was shown in the dry season. Because this work was carried out in a zoo within a suburban area, food resources are available all year round, this favored several species such as (Cathartes aura) that pe allowed to stay in the park during the migration season.

Msc. Animal Ecology (ME)

INTRODUCTION!👩‍🎓👨‍🎓👨‍🏫 / INTRODUCCION!🌏🧭

The Metropolitan Zoological Park of Zulia has 90 hectares of land, 40 are proper to exhibit animals, it was created on June 15, 1973, the vegetation for this area is classified as a very dry tropical forest because it presents trees such as Cuji among other thorny ones, presents a semi-arid, with an annual average temperature of 36 degrees🌝🌡
El Parque Zoologico Metropolitano del Zulia cuenta con 90 hectareas de terreno, 40 son propia para exhibir animales, fue creado el 15 de junio de 1973, la vegetacion para esta zona es clasificada como bosque muy seco tropical por presentar arboles como Cuji entre otros espinosos, presenta un semiarido, con temperatura promedio anual de 36 grados😮🤔

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Climate characteristics and flora of the Park

The accelerated and disorderly growth of cities is one of the main losses and deterioration of areas that were previously natural environments. Suburban areas are one of the main causes of habitat loss for wild species😨😪🐦🦩🦜
El acelerado y desordenado crecimiento de las ciudades es una de las principales perdidas y deterioro de zonas que antes eran ambientes naturales. Las areas suburbanas son una de las principales causas de perdida de habitats para especies silvestres🏟🏡🏠

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anthropogenic impact on natural areas

The evaluation of bird communities is important for understanding the functions they perform within ecosystems, because they exert a high influence on the ecological balance, due to the diversity of species that occupy different levels in the trophic pyramid.
La evaluacion de las comunidades de aves es importante para la comprension de las funciones que estas realizan dentro de los ecosistemas, debido que ejercen una alta influencia en el equilibrio ecologico, por la diversidad de especies que ocupan diferentes niveles en la piramide trofica

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Eupsittula pertinax

OVERALL OBJECTIVE👩‍🎓👨‍🎓👨‍🏫 / OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL❗💯

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Evaluar la estructura de la comunidad de aves en el area suburbana "Parque Zoologico Metropolitano del Zulia".➗✖➕➖

Evaluate the structure of the bird community in the suburban area "Parque Zoologico Metropolitano del Zulia".✍👍

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METHODOLOGY👩‍🎓👨‍🎓👨‍🏫 / METODOLOGIA❗💯

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The present investigation was carried out in the metropolinato zoo of the zulia state, it is located on the road that goes to the city (cañada), it belongs to a climate "very dry tropical forest" presents an average temperature of 24 degrees, and rainfall between the 70 and 2000mm per year, with TWO MARKED PERIODS (RAIN-DROUGHT)💥💨🌡☔
La presente investigacion se realizo en el parque zoologico metropolinato del estado zulia, se situa en la carretera que va hacia la ciudad (cañada), pertenece a un clima "bosque muy seco tropical" presenta una temperatura promedio de 24 grados, y precipitaciones entre los 70 y 2000mm anuales, con DOS PERIODOS MARCADOS (LLUVIA-SEQUIA)🙇‍♂️☝

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FIELD WORK👨‍🎓👨‍🏫 / TRABAJO DE CAMPO🛤🧎‍♂️🚶‍♂️

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Three monthly samplings were carried out every ten days for seven months, for a total of 21! then random walks were made over the park to increase the number of registrations, the registrations were made with the naked eye and with the help of binoculars and monoculars (celestron10-100x)
Se efectuaron tres muestreos mensuales cada diez dias durante siete meses, para un total de 21! seguidamente se realizaron caminatas aleatorias sobre el parque para aumentar el numero de registros, los registros se realizaron a ojo desnudo y con ayuda de binoculares y monocular (celestron10-100x)

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The walk was approximately 2km from the starting point to the area of ​​the lagoons👨‍💼👨‍🔬

La caminata era de aproximadamente 2km desde el punto de partida hasta el area de las lagunas💧🌊

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The observed records of birds were made through a transect of approximately 2 km during 7:00 to 10:00 hours, then random walks were made in the park, to increase the species record🚩🏳
Los registros observados de aves se efectuaron mediante una transecta de aproximadamente 2km durante las 7:00 a 10:00 horas, seguidamente se efectuaron caminatas aleatorias en el parque, para aumentar el registro de especies🚶‍♂️

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TRÓFICO GUILD👨‍🎓👨‍🏫 /GREMIO TROFICO🐦🦩🦜🦅🦆

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Leucippus fallax

For the classification of species according to their feeding pattern. The birds were grouped into 6 different guilds (insectivore, granivores, frugivore-insectivore, animalivore, piscivore, scavenger)🍉🍈🥦🥬🌱🌾
Para la clasificacion de las especies segun su patron de alimentacion. Se agruparon las aves en 6 gremios distintos (insectivoro, granivoros, frugivoro-insectivoro, animalivoro, piscivoro, carroñero)🥩🍗🍇🌷🌼

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ANALYSIS OF DATA👨‍🎓👨‍🏫 /ANALISIS DE DATOS⭕❌💹

RELATIVE ABUNDANCE

pi=ni/N the relative abundance (pi) estimated for each species, during the sampling period and expressed by the coefficient of the number of observed individuals of the species (ni) between the total number of individuals of all species (N)⭕🅾

SPECIES ACCUMULATION CURVE

Species accumulation curves were performed with (stimateswin 8.0) using the Mao Tau and CHAO1 estimators, both used to add rarefaction to the sample, in the same way to evaluate the efficiency of the sampling and the inventory information.🅰🅱

FREQUENCY

Frequency is defined as the probability of finding an attribute.

abundant: (15-21) times per sample (75-100%)
common: (10-14) times per sample (74-50%)
little common: (5-9) times per sample (49-25%)
rare: (1-8) times per sample (24%)

COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES

They were represented by the alpha diversity indices where wealth, dominance and equity were calculated, the beta indices were calculated (Jacard and Sorensen).

WEALTH INDEX

We worked with the specific richness indices to characterize the bird community with the data obtained through samplings, the (Margalef) index was applied.

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DOMINANCE INDEX

These indices are the inverses of the concept of community uniformity or equity, based on proportional abundance, this index represented by (simpson) which shows the probability that two individuals taken at random from a sample of the same species

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The abundance index was also represented by the Hill number series, which is a measure of the number of species when each is weighted by its abundance.

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The shannon-wiener index expresses the uniformity of the importance values ​​across all the species in the sample.

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The Pielou index measures the proportion of the diversity observed in relation to the maximum diversity of species

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The statistical program PRIMER 5.2.9 was used to calculate the diversities, and PAST to calculate the beta diversity➗✖➕➖
Se utilizó el programa estadístico PRIMER 5.2.9 para calcular las diversidades y PAST para calcular la diversidad beta.⭕✅Ⓜ

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RESULTS👨‍🎓👨‍🏫 /RESULTADOS⭕❌💹

A total of 84 species were registered in 32 families, the Tyrannidae family was the most numerous with 11 species, followed by Ardeidae with 7 species. Cathartes aura, Pandion haliaetus, Tyrannus savana, Tyrannus dominicensis, setophaga ruticilia, piranga rubra, falco columbarius, tringa solitaria, and tringa melanoleuca were recorded among migratory birds.👀👨‍💻👨‍💻
Se logro registrar un total de 84 especies repartidas en 32 familias, la familia Tyrannidae fue la mas numerosa con 11 especies, seguido de Ardeidae con 7 especies. Se lograron registrar entre las aves migratorias Cathartes aura, Pandion haliaetus, Tyrannus savana, Tyrannus dominicensis, setophaga ruticilia, piranga rubra, falco columbarius, tringa solitaria, tringa melanoleuca.💚💙💛

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Taxonomic list of birds registered in the migratory park: (*), introduced species ( ** ) endemic: ( *** )

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Family and number of representative bird species in the park

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Classification of the diets used by the species in the park (ins) insectivore, (gr) granivore, frugivore-insectivore (Fr-ins), animalivore (An), Piscivore (Pis), Carroñero (car)

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Frequency and trophic association of the species registered in the park

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For the calculation of the relative abundance, only individuals observed in the transect were taken into account, excluding those observed in the walks. 4295 individuals were reported, for the 84 registered species, the most abundant species was (cathartes aura 14.90%), followed by Columbina squammata (9.66%). Thraupis episcopues (6.03%) Quiscalus lugubris (5.70%) the samplings were carried out in the rainy season and droughts (September rain) drought (December to March)👨‍🎓👨‍🏫
Para el calculo de la abundancia relativa solo se tomaron en cuenta individuos observados en la transecta, excluyendo aquellos observados en las caminatas. se reporto 4295 individuos, para las 84 especies registradas, la especie mas abundante fue (cathartes aura 14,90%), seguida de Columbina squammata (9.66%). Thraupis episcopues (6.03%) Quiscalus lugubris (5,70%) los muestreos se realizaron en epoca de lluvia y sequias (septiembre lluvia) sequia (diciembre a marzo)🌤⭐🔥

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In the rainy season the park showed 5 species of birds that were only reported in this season (all migratory) in the dry season 24 species

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ploceus cucullatus

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Gampsonyx swainsonii

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Egretta thula

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Of the 84 species comprised in 32 families, only 43 tend to be abundant and only 2 little common.

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In general, the alpha indices in the park were favored in the dry season, the richness (Margalef) was 9.92 and the index of (H) 3.495 it is observed that the number of abundant species (n1) for the months of rain is 24.39 while in the dry season: (n2) 13.96 and 22.56

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The beta diversity values ​​determined with the Jaccard 0.654 and Sorensen 0.791 index that there is little similarity between the months of rain and drought, 60 species were recorded between September to November (rain) while between December to March (drought) 79 species, it is possible highlight that 55 are shared.

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DISCUSSION👨‍🎓👨‍🏫 /DISCUSION⭕❌💹

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Few studies carried out in suburban areas, according to our studies reveal that these arean displace the habitat of wild birds and give space to opportunistic birds.🚇🚝

Son pocos los estudios realizados en areas suburbanas segun nuestro estudios revelan que estas arean desplazan el habitat de aves silvestres y da espacio a aves oportunistas🏢🏞

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The artificial lagoons are an attraction for groups of birds that are not common in suburban areas, as in the case of (alcedinidae) it was recorded fishing in these areas🌅💧

las lagunas artificiales son un atractivo para grupos de aves que no son comunes de areas suburbanas como es el caso de (alcedinidae) fue registrado pescando en estas zonas🐟🦅

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Nycticorax nycticorax

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Nycticorax nycticorax

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Chrysomus icterocephalus

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Fluvicola pica

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The trophic guild par excellence in the vast majority of communities are the insectivores, this because insects abound in almost any part of the world, it is a resource always available! We can corroborate this in our project by identifying 35 insectivorous species🦗🦟🐛

El gremio trofico por excelencia en la gran mayoria de comunidades son los insectivoros, esto porque los insectos abundan en casi cualquier parte del mundo, es un recurso siempre disponible! lo podemos corroborar en nuestro proyecto al identificar 35 especies insectivoras🐝🦋🐞

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Anthracothorax nigricollis

Due to the dry vegetation, the park lacks large trees and fruit trees, so finding Trochilidae species was to be expected, only 3 were registered (2 not identified)😬🤔
Debido a la vegetacion seca el parque carece de arboles grandes y frutales por lo que encontrar especies de Trochilidae era de esperarse solo se registraron 3 (2 no logrados identificados)🧡💛💚

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Zoological parks have many animals whose diet is accompanied by fruits, this is used by many species of birds that settle in these areas, this is consistent with the results, since the frugivore-insectivore (17) species

Los parques zoologicos tienen muchos animales cuya dieta va acompañada de frutas esto es aprovechado por muchas especies de aves que se establecen en estas zonas esto va acorde con los resultados ya que los frugivoro-insectivoro (17) especies

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Icterus nigrogularis

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Melanerpes rubricapillus

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Quiscalus lugubris, Ploceus cucullatus

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There are species of birds that are indicators of environmental disturbances such as: Quiscalus lugubris, Columbina passerina, mimus gilvus, Coragyps atratus, these birds are opportunistic and are common in intervened areas😓😲

Existen especies de aves que son indicadores de perturbaciones ambientales como son: Quiscalus lugubris, Columbina passerina, mimus gilvus, Coragyps atratus, estas aves son oportunistas y son comunes de zonas intervenidas🚲🛵🏡
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Cathartes aura

11 species of migratory birds were recorded (Cathartes aura, Pandion haliaetus, Tyrannus savana, Tyrannus dominicensis, Setophaga ruticilia, Falco columbarius, Tringa solitaria, Tringa melanoleuca, Seiurus noveboracensis, Dendroica aestiva, Piranga rubura) most of them This happens because in their country of origin it is winter and they migrate to Latin America to tropical countries in search of food and return in the dry season when in their country of origin it is summer☂💧☔
se registraron 11 especies de aves migratorias (Cathartes aura, Pandion haliaetus, Tyrannus savana, Tyrannus dominicensis, setophaga ruticilia, falco columbarius, tringa solitaria, tringa melanoleuca, seiurus noveboracensis, dendroica aestiva, Piranga rubura) la mayoria de ellas en la epoca de lluvia esto ocurre porque en su pais de origen es invierno y migran a latinoamerica a los paises tropicales en busca de alimento y vuelven en epoca de sequia cuando en su pais de origen es verano⛰🏔🗻🌦🌧🌊

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Tyrannus savana(migrant)

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Ploceus cucullatus (male) (introduced)

Zoological parks are an attractive ecosystem for birds that are not endemic to a region, such as Ploceus cucullatus, an introduced bird, we think that it comes to the park because of the illegal traffic of birds! managed to escape from its owner✈🛫
Los parques zoologicos son un atractivo ecosistemas para aves que no son endemicas de una region, como es Ploceus cucullatus ave introducida, pensamos que llega al parque por el trafico ilegal de aves! consiguio escaparse de su dueño😒🙀

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Machetornis rixosa nest

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Machetornis rixosa

man-made structures are a perfect habitat for birds, animals placed in artificial systems! all this added is perfect for a machetornis rixosa👍
las estructuras echas por el hombre son un habitat perfecto para aves, animales colocados en sistemas artificiales! todo esto sumado es perfecto para una machetornis rixosa👁

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This project taught us to see the importance of parks in suburban areas since species such as (todirostrum viridanum) are endemic birds of the site and it is important to preserve them.😓😲🧍‍♂️

Este proyecto nos enseño a ver la importancia que tienen los parques en areas suburbanas ya que en el pueden habitar especies como (todirostrum viridanum) son aves endemicas del sitio y es importante preservalas👎✍
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Chloroceryle amazona

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Tringa melanoleuca

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Chloroceryle amazona, Tringa melanoleuca are rare species to see in urbanized areas, in this case they were seen within the park in the area of ​​artificial lagoons👨‍🏫

Chloroceryle amazona, Tringa melanoleuca son especies poco comunes de ver en areas urbanizadas, en este caso fueron vistos dentro del parque en la zona de las lagunas artificiales🤓🦚🦩

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SOME REGISTERED SPECIES🐦🐤🦜🦅/ OTRAS ESPECIES VISTAS🧑

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Pyrocephalus rubinus

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Thraupis episcopus

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Fregata magnificens

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Campylorhynchus griseus

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Falco sparverius

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Pitangus sulphuratus

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Saltator coerulescens

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Passerinus viridissimus

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Burhinus bistriatus

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Phalacrocorax brasilianus

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Athene cunicularia

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Caracara cheriway

CONCLUSION🕵️‍♀️👨‍🎓 / CONCLUSION👩‍💻👨‍💻

  • The study reported 84 species of birds corresponding to 33 families, the most abundant (Cathartes aura: 14.90%), (Columbina squammata 9.66%), (Thraupis episcopues: 6.03%), (Quiscalus lugubris: 5, 70%)

  • It was possible to report 11 species of migratory birds, which represents 12.94% of the total registered species

  • The park showed a diversity H´ = 3,495, the greatest diversity was present in the dry season, this being a zoo with unlimited resources

  • Seasonality tends to shape the bird community since a richness (Margalef = 9.95) was observed in the dry season between (December-March), unlike the rainy season (7.89) represented mainly by species common granivoras of tropical dry forests

👨‍🎓👨‍🏫👨‍🎓 PROJECT PRESENTATION/ PRESENTAR EL PROYECTO 👩‍💻👨‍💻

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The project was presented to the scientific jury (LUZ) (ICLAM) to determine if it was suitable to be shown in the annual magazine of scientific public universities.👴🧓🕵️‍♀️🕵️‍♂️
El proyecto fue presentado a la jurado cientifico (LUZ) (ICLAM) para determinar si era apto para ser mostrado en la revista anual de las universidades publicas cientificas🙋‍♀️🙋‍♂️

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Approved project🎊🎉, published in the magazine of public universities (2013)🔬🔭

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WORK TEAM👨‍👩‍👧‍👦👯‍♀️👯‍♂️🥳

Licda. Joseline Uzcategui, Msc.Rosana Calchi, Photographer Marco Ruvio, Licdo Erick Scala, Dra Mariana Rada, (Msc.Jonathan Brito (ME)

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THANKS💛💚💙 / GRACIAS💯

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Don't miss my other post🎈🎊: https://hive.blog/hive-174578/@oscurity/the-bird-watching-a-pajarear-msc-ecology-animal-discovery-it-science

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Active member UVO (VENEZUELAN UNION OF ORNITHOLOGISTS)👨‍⚖️

Source:

All the information provided in this work belongs to my property (
Copyright)⭕, use without consent is a violation of my rights❌, photos taken by my (S4000 camera📷) professional photos not suitable for showing as they belong to the project...



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che meraviglia!
!discovery 35

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Thanks basically we do the dirty work! Hahaha people love to see birds, photograph them, but it is our job to create the environment so that the common person can enjoy it! It is a very informative post that shows the hard face of us Biologists! More than a thousand hours invested here, but I enjoyed it

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Wow excellent body of work and really lovely bird photos . Congratulations on this great achievement.

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Thank lady! Thanks for reading and appreciating this work! I was afraid it would seem boring to people

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Amazing collection of data and photos! We are very lucky to have you in the Feathered Friends Community and I am looking forward to your participation in the group and all the things you can teach us!
Thanks for this wonderful post!
!tip

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Hello @oscurity!
This is a great post!! We really appreciate your work and efforts.


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Este estudio fue increíble, primero por la oportunidad que tuviste de recorrer el lugar haciendo los avistamientos y segundo porque gracias a estos estudios se podrán iniciar proyectos de conservación.

Es una zona bastante intervenida por lo que pude leer, por lo que no es raro encontrar especies que se encuentran en zonas intervenidas por el hombre, pero haber avistado algunas especies endémicas, es un regalo, y una muestra de que se debe trabajar más en el cuidado de este lugar, además que es un lugar visitado por especies migratorias.

Gracias por compartir, muchos éxitos en próximos proyectos.

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I hope you weren't too lazy to pick up that bottle of Coke.

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and I went, I was in the hippopotamus lagoon xD with pleasure you can go your hahaha

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Muito impressionante!! é um bom trabalho com os pássaros🥰

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