25-06-2024 - Energy systems - Propeller turbines[EN]-[IT]
~~~ La versione in italiano inizia subito dopo la versione in inglese ~~~
ENGLISH
25-06-2024 - Energy systems - Propeller turbines[EN]-[IT]
Propeller Turbines
Propeller turbines and Kaplan turbines are two types of hydraulic turbines suitable for hydraulic systems with relatively low heads.
These two types of turbines are axial reaction machines
Constructive architecture
Propeller turbines and Kaplan turbines are made up of a limited number of blades arranged axially on a hub and interact with a flow whose motion is helical. In these turbines the motion is imposed by the distributor and there is no radial component.
Propeller Turbines
The water enters the turbine and hits the propeller blades, transferring kinetic energy to the rotating shaft.
Kaplan turbines
They represent an evolution of propeller turbines and were invented by the Austrian engineer Viktor Kaplan.
NOTE:
Axial or Kaplan turbines are used for modest engine speeds and large flow rates
NOTE2:
A propeller turbine typically has a lower rotational speed than a Pelton turbine.
The speed triangles
Below are the triangles of the speeds at the hub and at the blade tip of the impeller of an axial hydraulic turbine
Work
The optimal work collected by the impeller of an axial hydraulic turbine is expressed by the following formula
Degree of reaction
The optimal degree of reaction of an axial hydraulic turbine is expressed by the following formula
Conclusions
To have good performance even at partial loads, it is best to use Kaplan turbines in a hydraulic system
Request
Have you ever seen propeller turbines? Have you ever designed or had to study a hydraulic system with propeller turbines?
ITALIAN
25-06-2024 - Sistemi energetici - Turbine ad elica[EN]-[IT]
Turbine ad elica
Le turbine ad elica e le turbine Kaplan sono due tipi di turbine idrauliche adatte per sistemi idraulici con prevalenze relativamente basse.
Queste due tipologie di turbine sono macchine assiali a reazione
Architettura costruttiva
Le turbine ad elica e le turbine Kaplan sono costituite da un limitato numero di pale disposte assialmente su un mozzo ed interagiscono con un flusso il cui moto è elicoidale. In queste turbine il moto è imposto dal distributore e non è presenta la componente radiale.
Turbine ad Elica
L'acqua entra nella turbina e colpisce le pale dell'elica, trasferendo l'energia cinetica all'albero che ruota.
Turbine Kaplan
Rappresentano un'evoluzione delle turbine ad elica e furono inventate dall'ingegnere austriaco Viktor Kaplan.
NOTA:
Le turbine assiali o Kaplan vengono impiegate per modesti salti motori e grandi portate
NOTA2:
Una turbina ad elica ha tipicamente una velocità di rotazione inferiore rispetto a una turbina Pelton.
I triangoli di velocità
Qui di seguito sono rappresentati i triangoli delle velocità al mozzo e in punta pala della girante di una turbina idraulica assiale
Lavoro
Il lavoro ottimale raccolto dalla girante di una turbina idraulica assiale è espresso dalla seguente formula
Grado di reazione
Il grado di reazione ottimale di una turbina idraulica assiale è espresso dalla seguente formula
Conclusioni
Per avere un buon rendimento anche a carichi parziale, in un impianto idraulico è bene usare delle turbine Kaplan
Domanda
Avete mai visto delle turbine ad elica? Avete mai progettato o dovuto studiare un sistema idraulico con turbine ad elica?
THE END
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I got interested in turbines back when I came across the Tesla turbine. Turbines are an effective way of producing rotary motion and serve a range of useful purposes in vehicles, engines etc. Thanks for the lesson. Have a great day.
It's the evolution part for me . I found it really interesting how Kaplan turbines evolved from propeller turbines to improve performance at partial loads. Very detailed explanation on speed triangles and reaction degrees brother. Another epic lesson
Looks like we’re getting to the difficult part of your topics now😁😁
It’s an interesting course though
Love it!
Then growing up, whenever I hear something called about turbine, I always find it hard to understand but as time goes on, I now understand it
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