Cell Communication via Autocrine, Paracrine, Juxtacrine, and Hormone Signaling

3 months ago

In this video I go over cell signaling which is the ability of cells to communicate with its environment, other cells, or with itself. Signals can be non-chemical such as light, electrical impulses, heat, or chemical signals via ligands (molecules or ions that bind to a central atom forming a complex with a specific function). There are 4 main types of chemical signals, listed below:

Autocrine: Ligand affects the same cell that releases it.
Paracrine: Ligand diffuses to nearby cells and affects them.
Juxtacrine: Direct contact between communicating cells.
Hormones: Ligands that travel through the circulatory system of animals or vascular systems of plants to reach their target cells.

Time stamps:

Cell signaling: Communication between or within cells: 0:00
4 types of chemical signals: Autocrine, paracrine, juxtacrine, hormones: 2:10
- Autocrine signaling: Ligand affects the same cell that releases it: 2:18
- Paracrine signaling: Ligand diffuses to nearby cells and affects them: 2:51
  - Synapse diagram and neurotransmitter ligands: 4:33
- Juxtacrine signaling: Direct contact between signaling and responding cells: 7:27
- Hormones are ligands that travel through the circulatory systems of animals or vascular systems of plants to reach their target cells: 8:36
Human circulatory system diagram: Arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood: 12:12
Human lymphatic system diagram: Part of circulatory and immune system: 17:28
Diagram of capillary network connecting arteries and veins: 21:58
Diagram of lymph capillaries in the tissue spaces: 22:33
Diagram of capillary blood vessels: arteriole and venules: 24:35
Diagram of total body water distribution in mammals: 25:44
Adult men have about 60% body water by weight, while women have about 52%: 26:55
Ligand influences behaviors of cells once it binds with a receptor: 28:36
Insulin is the main anabolic hormone of the body: 33:02
Diagram of pancreatic islets which are within the pancreas and release hormones: 38:28
Diagram of signal transduction pathways that lead to a cellular response: 46:07
Apoptosis is programmed cell death vs necrosis is a traumatic cell death: 47:46