The rings of the planets

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The rings of the planets



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The main characteristic of Saturn is obviously its rings, it is not the only planet in the solar system that has rings, Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune also have them, although much fainter, those of Neptune for example are only visible in the infrared and there is another planet that does not currently have rings, but has had them and will have them again Mars.


Mars with a diameter half that of the earth is proof that you don't need to be a gas giant planet to have rings you just need moons and Mars has two Phobos and Deimos, in fact Mars will have rings again within 70 million years when Phobos, the larger and closer of the two of its moons, makes its orbit too close to Mars, the tidal forces produced by its gravity will tear it apart, turning it into fragments that will form rings.



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How are the rings of the planets formed? the planet's gravity pulls more on the end of its moon that is closer than the one that is farther away, this creates a tidal force that tries to stretch the moon in one direction while compressing it in another, the only thing that keeps a the moon in one piece is its own gravity that pulls all its material towards its core, but when that moon orbits its planet closer and closer, there is a point at which the tidal forces that try to stretch it overcome its gravity and it becomes “spaghetti” that will eventually form a ring system.



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This distance is called the Ruche limit by Edouard Ruche and is the distance from the center of gravity of each planet to the point where a moon could survive without being torn to pieces, this depends on its mass The more mass the planet has, the more gravity and further away is your Rush limit, for example, on Saturn it is very noticeable where your Rush limit is.



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Inside the Limit there are rings and outside the Limit there are moons, of course there are exceptions within its system of rings Saturn has some small ones that grow with the material of the Rings that they collect with their gravity, this leaves empty spaces between the Rings and a I relax in the material of the edges, in which the passage of the moon Daphne alters with its gravity the material of the Rings and leaves ruffled the edges of the divide, but those small moons will end up being disintegrated when they are large enough and will become rings before raining down on Saturn.



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There may also be rings outside the Rush limit, such as the e ring, which is formed by material ejected by geysers at the South Pole of the moon in celling, that is, the rings can not only be formed by shattered moons, they can also be formed by material ejected by the geological activity of the moons or they can also be formed from collisions.


A specific case was the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9E that impacted Jupiter in 1994. It was torn into 21 fragments precisely because in its previous orbit around Jupiter it had crossed the Rush limit, leaving 21 impacts on Jupiter on its gaseous surface, one of those impacts are a ball of fire bigger than the earth, it makes you thankful to live on such a small planet that doesn't attract so many comets.




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