The forces that interact in the Universe.

The forces that interact in the Universe.



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Regarding the discovery of the fifth force that has been announced by various media, this is something very important if we think about what the other forces represent and what we have achieved with them, especially since the discovery of electromagnetism and atomic energy, it can begin to To understand the magnitude of the news and the enormous potential that is opening up, imagine, for example, the world before electricity.


But we must go calmly because it seems that what we have ahead of us will be a long road and also this fifth force is not new, they have been looking for it for years, we must go step by step, first we must confirm this latest finding.


It must be clarified that it is not correct to use the term forces, although it is so popularly assumed, even Graziano Venanzoni, one of the main researchers of this news item, speaks of fifth force, actually the correct thing is to call them fundamental interactions, to date we know of their existence in the universe of four.



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They are called interactions because each one operates through the action of a messenger particle, which is the carrier of the minimum unit of each force, we have confirmed this in three cases, but we are missing the case of gravity, it is supposed to The graviton that would be the carrier particle exists, but no one has managed to find it to date, despite how much we still do not know about gravity, it turns out that it is the oldest interaction known to humanity and although it is popularly referred to as a force of Gravity, as Einstein demonstrated, is not really a force but the effect of the geometry of space-time deformed by the action of objects with mass.


Gravity compared to the other three forces is curiously very weak, it is the queen of the cosmic scale, true, but it is irrelevant in the subatomic world; The next force to be scientifically described was electromagnetism, it is the interaction of charged particles with electric and magnetic fields, it covers various phenomena in the real world, from light to the operation of the device in front of it, for example.



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Then we have the weak nuclear interaction, which is the interaction between subatomic particles and is responsible for the radioactive disintegration of atoms, it acts in the processes of nuclear fission, which is the division of an atom, and nuclear fusion, which is the union of two atoms. and the fourth is the strong nuclear interaction, it is like the cement that allows the union of quarks, which are the elementary bricks with which protons, neutrons and other particles are formed, and also allows the union between them, without that "cement". basic we would not have atoms and we could not exist, and the entire universe would be a soup of quarks.


We have these four known fundamental interactions, here it is important to clarify that, although they are essential for the universe that we know to exist, they are very different from each other, they do not manifest themselves in the same way at different scales and their "powers" are not the same, the strong nuclear interaction it is about 100 times stronger than electromagnetism, it is 10^6 times stronger than the weak interaction, and 10^38 times stronger than gravity.



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Imagine an atom as if it were a stone, if we compare the power of the weak nuclear interaction with the action of erosion that grinds the stone down to dust after thousands of years, the strong nuclear interaction would be like bursting that stone with Dynamite and make dust instantly, the difference between the power of these two fundamental forces is so enormous and we can see it since the strong nuclear interaction is what allows the creation of nuclear weapons.


This panorama is not as clear as it seems, there is something that has puzzled scientists for a long time, why is gravity so weak? We don't know for sure, we still don't know many things about gravity, for example, according to string theory, including M-theory, gravitons would be like strings or closed branes that would exert their influence beyond the three-dimensional universe in which we live, they would serve to interconnect various possible parallel universes.


As I said, we do not know many things about gravity, and with this information you can imagine how interesting it is to investigate gravity and also how important it is to study those places where gravity takes extreme conditions, such as black holes.


With this new discovery you can get an idea of ​​the panorama that opens up if the finding of a fifth force or fifth fundamental interaction is confirmed, if with the other four forces we have space travel, electronics or atomic energy, imagine what amazing possibilities and even unknown we could achieve with this new force.




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