Chinese rover finds structures on Mars.

It has recently caused excitement in the media and the Chinese Zhurong Rover has detected underground structures on Mars and that sounds a bit shocking and scientifically it is shocking, although it is not the type of structure as some think, buried cities or hidden pyramids, no. , but for a scientist what the Chinese have found is very interesting.

The news broke on November 23 of last year, 2023, the scientific magazine nature published a discovery made by Chinese researchers thanks to the data collected by the Zhurong Rover, these are polygonal terrain structures buried at a depth of about 35 m , 16 polygonal wedges were identified within approximately 1200 m of distance, which was more or less the Rover's route, which suggests that there is a wide distribution of this strange terrain under the surface of the Utopia Plain, which is the area where The China Rover landed.

This plain is located in the north in the northern hemisphere of the planet, this Martian region is very special, as its name indicates it is a low plain, it is the largest impact basin on Mars and also the largest in the solar system. A diameter of 3300 km, it was formed billions of years ago during the origins of the planet and has a depth of about 3 km below the average Mars.

A little smaller in size is another plain, but very interesting, I bring it up because although it is in the southern hemisphere, it is the Hellas plain, it is 2300 km in diameter, it is a little smaller as it is a little smaller in relation to The previous plain was also the product of the impact of a giant asteroid or perhaps even a protoplanet and is very deep, the difference in altitude between the edge and the bottom is more than 9 km, in fact, the depth of the crater is 7152 m below the mean pressure point of the Planet.

This is extraordinary because it turns out that on current Mars, as we already know, there cannot be liquid water on the surface and this is due to the low atmospheric pressure of Mars, because Mars has an atmosphere but it is very thin, it is about 150 times smaller than the of the earth is compared to the atmosphere that we would find on earth but at about 30,000 m high, if here on earth we lifted a glass of water to 30,000 m high, that water would be transformed into steam and it is the same thing that would happen in Mars, if you open a bottle of water, the water that you opened from the bottle boils and evaporates. It doesn't even touch the ground, it would touch the ground like maybe snowflakes.

Just as on Earth, the pressure at the top of Everest is not the same, where the pressure is lower than that on the shores of the Dead Sea, which is 418 m below sea level and there the The pressure is much higher, the same thing happens on Mars in those plains, that of Utopia, that of Hellas, which are thousands of meters deep, the pressure is greater and that was where the last liquid water on the Martian surface was found.

The last lake must have been in that plain of utopia or in that of Hellas. and if one day we manage to make the Martian atmosphere denser, those places will be the first where water, rivers and lakes emerge again, and they will be the first that can be habitable, so what Robert Zhurong was exploring was the bed of an ancient Martian sea, but it lost its water when Mars stopped having a dense atmosphere, well that is what is extraordinary about the Chinese discovery, according to the data it did not lose all of it and those polygonal wedges according to Chinese researchers are a clue that that water It was the one that, when freezing and thawing between 3,700 and 2,000 million years ago, created those strange structures.

In addition, Chinese researchers have hypothesized that the origin of the polygonal wedges detected makes experts think that there was a change in the climate in the low to middle latitudes of Mars, due to the high obliquity of the planet Mars, wobbles much more than the land and climate there, the ice ages must have been much more intense and stronger than those here on earth.

The Chinese also claim that the structures are evidence of a change in climatic conditions on Mars between the Spidean and Amazonian eras, which is believed to be the time when Mars lost its surface liquid water, billions of years ago. years when those polygonal structures were formed due to the effects of freezing and thawing.

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