The geographical boundaries, sub-regions, climate, and fauna of the Oriental region

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Geographical boundaries of the Oriental sub-region, Details of the region, climate, and fauna are given below:

Geographical Boundaries: The region consists mainly of tropical Asia, with nearby continental islands. But in general, the whole of India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, South China, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, the islands west of the Wallace Line (such as Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Bali), Taiwan and the Philippines etc. are included in this region. It is bounded by the Himalayas in the north, the Indian Ocean in the south, and the Pacific Ocean in the east.

Sub-Region: A. R. Wallace in 1876 divided the Oriental region into four subregions. namely-

• Indian Subcontinent. This sub-region is again divided into 7 parts.

1. Eastern Himalayas: This division covers most of the Himalayas from the eastern side of Sikkim to the humid region.

2. Western Himalayas: Within this division is the Himalayas

3. Includes lowlands and Kumaon to Kashmir.

The Indus Plain includes Punjab, Sindh, Rajasthan, and Kutch, the plains of northern Gujarat and Haryana.

1. The Gangetic Plain extends from the Araballi Hills and the Yamuna River to its border eastwards to Bangladesh

expand Among them Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and parts of Odisha.

1. Assam: Includes the Brahmaputra and Surma valleys and the area between them.

2. Deccan: This division comprises the dry high hilly plains of central India east of Malabar and the plains south of the Ganges and the Indus.

3. Malabar: Extends from Gujarat to Kanyakumari along the west coast of peninsular India. Very humid hilly regions belong to this category

Sihelian Subregion/Sri Lankan Subregion: Part of the Indian Peninsula and the whole of Sri Lanka belong to this subregion.

Indochina Subregion: South of China's Palearctic border, this subregion includes Myanmar, Thailand, Andaman, Taiwan, and the Hainan Islands.

Indomalayan subregion: the Malay Peninsula and some islands of the East Indies (eg Borneo, Java, Sumatra) and Nicobar Climate: The southwestern part of the region is subtropical with similar annual temperatures (30°C). The annual drizzle is more than 1500 mm. The temperature rise is noticeable in the northern part. It is autumn and winter here

The temperature is between 10 - 2000. Increases in spring and exceeds 30°C in summer in the west and east. Winters are pleasant but summers are humid. Although the southern part has summer and monsoon seasons, they are not clearly differentiated. The climate in the hilly areas is humid.

Fauna: Most of the fauna of the Oriental region is related to the Ethiopian region. Also, some birds and amphibians associated with the Australian region live here. A total of 157 genera of vertebrates are found in the Oriental region. These include 23 genera of freshwater fish, 9 genera of amphibians, 29 genera of reptiles, 66 genera of birds, and 30 genera of terrestrial mammals.

Freshwater Fishes: Freshwater endemic fishes include Chaka, Pangas, Loach, Nyads, Pike, Head, Chaudhurids, Pristolopids, etc. Other fish include snakeheads (shoal, Tucky, etc.), kai, cups, catfish, cichlids, spiny eels, loaches, leaf fishes, featherbacks, topminnows, and climbing perches.

Amphibians: Endemics include the Garo hill frog, Malabar frog, Black frog, etc.

Reptiles: Endemic reptiles like the Bostami Tortoise, Illustrated Terrapin, Spiny Tortoise, 3 species of Kari Caitta, Burmese Star Tortoise, Gharial, Magar, Indian Viper, Crocodiles, Lizards etc. Other reptiles include lizards, birds, chameleons, lizards, pythons, pythons, coral snakes, and crocodiles.

Birds: Endemic birds like birds, leafbirds, a few species of pheasants, Manipuri quail, small chlorican, Jordan's courser, white cockatoo, bristled grass warbler, marsh babbler, etc.

Among the other birds, peacocks, peacocks, eagles, chiles, pechas, pigeons, buzzards, dhanesh, munias, sparrows, baboons, and chameleons are notable.

Mammals: Endemic mammals such as black-faced, black monkey, Sinhalese monkey, langur, orang-utan, ray cat, Nilgiri, marten, sloth, bear, black bear, Gangetic dolphin, one-horned rhinoceros, etc. Leopard, leopard

^{I am a student of zoology and credit for this article goes to Madam Rita Parvin, Sir Shamol Shordar, Sir MD Rafikul Islam, Sir Shafiullah Shopon}

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