Subject:- Agricultural Science

Class:- Primary 4

Topic:- Methods of preserving farm produce.

Duration:- 35 minutes

Date:- 16th May 2020

Behavioural Objectives:-

At the end of the lesson the lesson the students should be able to:-

1. List at least four(4) methods of preserving farm produce.

Previous knowledge:-

The students were taught the introductory part of this lesson from the meaning of farm produce processing, down to different methods of producing farm produce, benefits of preserving farm produce.

Instructional Material(s):-

A pocket chart showing some of the methods of preserving farm produce and flip chart showing the pictures of the different methods of preserving farm produce.

Introduction:

Presentation:-

Step 1:- Methods of farm produce preservation.

1. Drying in the sun:-
This is the method of drying farm produce under the sun to remove the water or moisture content that causes spoilage. Drying under the sun is the oldest method of preserving farm produce.
Examples of farm produce preserved by drying in the sun are fresh, pepper, peeled cassava, yam, plantain, maize, beans, okra, green leafy vegetables, and fermented cocoa beans.

2. Smoking:-
Smoking is the process of cooking and adding flavours to farm produce like meat and fish by exposing them to smoke for a long period of time. The smoked farm produce become dry and can be stored for a long time without getting spoilt. Firewood is commonly used for smoking.

3. Curing:-
Curing is a method of preserving food especially meat or fish, by adding or soaking them in a reasonable amount of salt or sugar. Curing is sometimes followed by smoking to reduce the amount of salt in the food.
Curing with salt is also called salting or salt-curing, curing, with sugar is called sugar-curing or honey-curing. The salt prevents the farm produce from spoiling by keeping away germs.

4. Frying:-
Frying is the cooking of farm produce such as meat, fish, plantain, yam and potato in hot oil or fat. Frying removes water from the farm produce which makes them able to last for a longer time without getting spoilt.

5. Freezing:-
Freezing is one of the most commonly used commercial and domestic ways of preserving farm produce like eggs, fruits, milk, pepper, and vegetables by storing them in refrigerators or freezers. Meat, fish and soup can also be stored in the freezer or preserve them for a long Period of time.

6. Canning and bottling:-
This is a method of preserving farm produce like fruits, tomato, pepper, fish, meat, milk and vegetables by first heating in high temperature to destroy contaminating micron organisms and then sealing in airtight cans or bottles. The canned and bottled foods are also preserved by adding chemicals called preservatives.

7. Pickling:-

Pickling is a method of preserving food by soaking or storing it in a liquid substance that prevents or kills bacteria and other microorganisms. Examples of substances used for pickling are salt solution, vinegar, ethanol, vegetable oil like olive oil.
Foods that are pickled include vegetables such as onion, cabbage, ginger, pepper, mushroom, garlic, fruit, meat(to make corned beef), pork, and fish.

Evaluation:-

The teacher ask the students questions to ascertain the level of their understanding:-

1. List at least four(4) methods of preserving farm produce.

Homework:-

1. List five methods of preserving farm produce.
2. List out twenty(20) farm produce an the methods of preserving each of them.
3. List two materials for growing crops.

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