A Case Beyond Pain: Navigating Life Without Sensation

You know, as children when we were asked which superpowers we wanted to have, we never forget to mention the superpower that has to do with not feeling pain, and not feeling fatigue. While almost everyone of us did not get our superpower wishes granted, some people suffer from health conditions that do not allow them feel pain, fatigue, and even hunger.

This is not a super power as we fell pain, hunger and fatigue for various reasons which helps us to be human and when we are not feeling these things, thing is wrong. With this, it becomes something of concern to understand how people who do not feel pain, hunger, fatigues and other stimulus keep track of their wellbeing?

To understand this, let me look at the case of a young girl of 7 years old named Olivia Farnsworth who was ran over by a car. For someone like myself, a car hit is a very big deal and could land me at the hospital because the injuries and the excruciating pain will not allow me to stand up as I will be disoriented and in pains but this was not the same for Olivia who in 2016 was hit by a car that dragged her for about 100 feet before running over her. She had her skin torn by the hit and drag causing deep injuries in areas of her chest, foot, and hip, she got up, and went back to her mother. Although she was disoriented and confused.

At the hospital, doctors confirmed that the reason she survived the hit was because she wasn't feeling any pain and this caused her not to make moves that could lead to severe body damage during the impact. The doctors confirmed that she was suffering from a condition known as Chromosome 6P Deletion and in fact her mother calls her the bionic girl.

Another person with similar condition was 5 year old Ashlyn who in 2004 had to add ice to her chilli in other to prevent her from eating the chilli at a temperature that can be burning so she doesn't burn herself without knowing. Her condition is known is Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA). In the case of Olivia, she doesn't fell hunger, and the need to sleep but in the case of Ashlyn she feels hunger and sleep.

To understand their condition, let me discuss a little about the DNA in a cell. You see, the nucleus of a cell, the DNA molecules are organized in what is known as chromosome. This chromosomes determine our DNA which gives specific genetic code which gives instruction to our cells. The cell is made of 23 pairs of chromosomes, and it is in these chromosomes that the these conditions can occur. Fir the Chromosome 6P deletion is a condition where genetic materials are deleted from the short arm of the 6th chromosome. Depending on the intensity of the deletion, the effects can vary from delay in development, distinct facial features, and intellectual disabilities. Although this condition is rear, that of Olivia is even distinct as her own comes with not feeling pain, tiredness, or hunger.

With Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA) also known as Heriditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy type IV is caused by a mutation in a gene in the cell known as NTRK1 gene. The gene is responsible for the creation of proteins that our body needs so our sensory neurons that transmit pain, touch and temperature sensation can be alive. With a mutation in this genes, the sensory neurons will not be able to transmit sensory signals as the proteins are not created. This will lead to the death of the neurons, and this death can also affect the sweat gland leading to Anhidrosis where a person sweats abnormally.

Our sensory receptors have their importance and this includes the pain receptors. Not feeling pain is a serious condition where people might not know they have injured themselves or even experienced some serious damage to a part of their body. Pain is present in our body to help our body get information of hurt which could be as a result of bodily damage. Not feeling pains will mean not having any form of danger perception which could cause them to harm themselves as they do not know it can be hurtful.

The stories of Olivia and Ashlyn highlight the intricate interplay between genetics and our sensory experiences, offering us a glimpse into the fascinating world of those who navigate life without some of its fundamental sensations.

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^Reference

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^{https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001374892/meet-the-10-year-old-girl-who-can-t-feel-pain-hunger-or-fatigue
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/12/19/a-life-without-pain-is-a-life-on-the-edge/651e5c57-8f42-4d8f-8583-de6b51e7261c/
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/ntrk1/
https://omim.org/graph/linear/191315
https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10843/chromosome-6p-deletion
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-insensitivity-to-pain-with-anhidrosis/#genes
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sweating-and-body-odor/symptoms-causes/syc-20353895}

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^{Image Reference}

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^{Image 1 || Pixahive || A girl in back pain
Image 2 || Public Domain Pictures || Wrist Pain 2}