Learning two principles in a fun way: Density and hydrophobicity

Hello friends,

I was looking forward to Sunday to share with you two experiments for the price of one, based on the same concepts and inspired by a question from my cousin Natalia after she spilled water on the grass.

Do you see anything strange?

I suppose not, because our adult eyes have already assimilated certain physical phenomena that occur in nature, but to the eyes of an 8-year-old girl, it caught her attention that the drops of water remained on the leaves of the grass, forming drops, and so I asked myself the following question: Why do the water droplets stay on the surface of the plant and not go all the way into the leaf?

At first I was puzzled, but I remembered from my academic background that there are hydrophilic compounds (they love water) and therefore mix with it, and there are hydrophobic compounds (they hate water) and therefore repel it. So that was my explanation, but looking at my cousin's face I realised that it was a very abstract and theoretical explanation for a young girl, and so I had the idea of doing some experiments playing with this concept of hydrophobicity.

Materials:

Oil
Water
Water-based ink in different colours
Pipette or drop counter
Mixing stick
A beaker

Experiment 1: Coloured beads

In this first experiment we are going to make some coloured beads using the physical principle of hydrophobicity and another physical principle that my cousin asked me about, density.

Step 1: Filling a jar with cooking oil

The first step in this experiment was to fill a beaker with cooking oil, in my case refined sunflower oil because it is cheaper and more transparent.

Step 2: Dissolving the dye

In my case we had 3 coloured dyes (red, blue and orange) which we dissolved in water to get 3 solutions of different colours.

In this case, the water-based dye dissolves in water, so there is no hydrophobicity and what we have is a hydrophilicity for water.

Step 3: Colour drops on oil

When we add drops of dye to the oil, because the oil is hydrophobic, the water drops with the dye do not mix with the oil and form visible coloured beads in the oil.

As we add drops of different colours, these drops continue to form pearls that settle to the bottom of the glass.

At this point my cousin said to me

Why does the water sink?

I had to answer by explaining that 1 litre of water weighs 1 kg and 1 litre of oil weighs much less than 1 kg. Because the water is heavier, it sinks and the oil floats. The principle of density.

She agreed with me, but she also told me that she thought it was because the drops were too big and that's why they went to the bottom, so I had to do a new experiment, but with smaller drops and reversing the roles a bit.

Experiment 2: Water and oil rainbow

In this experiment we are going to play with the same principles of density and hydrophobicity as in the previous experiment, but in a slightly different way.

Step 1: Water and oil in separate beakers

We are going to fill two beakers with water and oil. In this case we will use more water and less oil.

Step 2: Drops of colour in the oil

In this case we will add drops of aqueous dye directly onto the oil, observing that the oil does not mix with the drops due to the principle of hydrophobicity.

Step 3. Shaking

Using a stirring rod, we will stir the dye into the oil.

As a result, we will get tiny drops of dye in the oil. In this case, the drops are small.

Step 4: Add the oil to the water

Here the oil will continue to float on the water as the oil is less dense.

Step 5: Wait a few seconds

You will notice that the tiny, denser drops of colour will sink to the bottom of the oil layer due to their density and not their size, much to my cousin's amazement.

Step 6: A rainbow of colour

The dye droplets will gradually pass through the entire oil layer and reach the water layer, where they will dissolve and form a rainbow of colours.