The science of the exoskeleton🥼🥽🧠🐞 (En-Es)
(Edited)
Studying the exoskeleton of insects is quite a challenge since it is quite difficult to perform tissue extraction and it is even more difficult to perform histological studies, however with a lot of patience I achieved good results in my experiment. In this post we are going to study in detail the exoskeleton of insects. two species of insects a copy of: (Graphosoma italicum) and a (Coccinellidae), we will see in the magnifying glass and the microscope the morphological and anatomical characteristics of these animals, we will also see the importance of the integument and its biological-chemical properties, and finally we will learn about the terms: "chitin, insect and cuticle". Without further ado, enjoy the experience.🥽🧠
Shadow beetle feature🧠🔬
Shadow beetle feature🧠🔬
"blood" circulating🩸
Estudiar el exoesqueleto de los insectos es todo un reto ya que es bastante dificil realizar extraccion de tejido y es aun mas dificil realizar estudios histologicos sin embargo con mucha paciencia logre buenos resultados en mi experimento, en este post vamos a estudiar con detalle el exoesqueleto de dos especies de insectos un ejemplar de: (Graphosoma italicum) y un (Coccinellidae), veremos en la lupa y el microscopio las caracteristicas morfologicas y anatomicas de estos animales, ademas veremos la importancia del integumento y sus propiedades biologicas-quimicas, y por ultimo aprenderemos sobre los terminos: "quitina, insecto y cuticula". Sin mas que agregar disfruta la experiencia.🥼🧫🔬
What is the exoskeleton🐞🔬🧠/ Que es el Exoesqueleto🕵️♂️🧫
Before delving into the subject, let us know the term Biological Exoskeleton, we will take as reference the definition of (Ibanez, 2013) "the exoskeleton could be defined as a rigid protective layer that is secreted by the epidermis to be more specific by (epidermal cells)", Its main component is the polysaccharide: (chitin) this polyremus is chemically simple and has several straight and simple chains without ramifications (N-acetyl-2-Dglucosamine) this component is a monosaccharide with one Nitrogen! We can find in nature some animals that in this exoskeleton is composed of calcium carbonate, which species? normally those that deal with "corrosive" saltwater crustaceans for example.🧫🔬🐞
Antes de profundizar en el tema conozcamos el termino Biologico Exoesqueleto tomaremos como referencia la definicion de (Ibanez, 2013) "el exoesqueleto podria definirse como una capa rigida protectora que es secretada por la epidermis para ser mas especifico por las (celulas epidermicas)", su principal componente es el polisacarido: (quitina) este poliremo quimicamente es simple y tiene varias cadenas rectas y simples sin ramificaciones (N-acetil-2-Dglucosamina) este componente es un monosacarido con un Nitrogeno! podemos encontrar en la naturaleza algunos animales que en este exoesqueleto esta compuesto por carbonato de calcio, cuales especies? normalmente las que lidian con agua salada "corrosiva" crustaceos por ejemplo.🧫🥼🧠
https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/10297/files/TAZ-TFG-2013-049_ANE.pdf
You probably didn't know but chitin also works as a reservoir of substances in which we are going to highlight guanine, a pure component of Nitrogen that is responsible for the shine of the exoskeleton, thanks to guanine many arthropods have that metallic shine! exoskeleton means: "external skeleton", according to the authors: (Cuesta & Lobo, 2019) determined in a study with dung beetles, that is, those that move excrement balls, which have a preference in the ecological substrate where they live and other species of beetles prefer Less open sites, that is, with vegetation, this study inferred that the exoskeleton can vary in species since some tolerate more sun than others. Amazing, right?🧫🐞🔬
Probablemente no sabias pero la quitina tambien funciona como un reservorio de sustancias en la que vamos a resaltar la guanina un componente puro de Nitrogeno que es el responsable por el brillo del exoesqueleto, gracias a la guanina muchos artropodos tienen ese brillo metalico! exoesqueleto significa: "esqueleto externo", segun los autores: (Cuesta & Lobo, 2019) determinaron en un estudio con escarabajos peloteros osea aquellos que mueven bolas de excremento, que tienen una preferencia en el sustrato ecologico donde habitan y otras especies de escarabajos prefieren sitios menos abiertos osea con vegetacion, este estudio infirio que el exoesqueleto puede variar en especies ya que algunos toleran mas el sol que otros. Increible no?🌏🥽🧠🥼🔬
https://biotura.wordpress.com/2020/01/15/exoesqueleto-el-abrigo-perfecto/
What is chitin🐞🔬🧠/ Que es la quitina🕵️♂️🧫
(Biotura, 2020) expresses: "different species have different ecological preferences" referring to the fact that the beetles choose which part of the ecosystem to inhabit, for example between the two species investigated in the work: (Onthophagus medius) and (Onthophagus coenobita) both are morphologically very similar but one of them has many dark spots on its elytra, the conclusion of the work is that the exoskeleton in both species have different ways of regulating temperature and therefore some tolerate UV rays better.🕵️♂️🥽
(Biotura, 2020) expresa: "diferentes especies tienen diferentes preferencias ecológicas" haciendo referencia a que los escarabajo escogen que parte del ecosistema habitar, por ejemplo entre las dos especies investigadas del trabajo: (Onthophagus medius) y (Onthophagus coenobita) ambas son morfologicamente muy parecidas pero una de ellas tienen en su élitros muchas manchas oscuras, la conclusion del trabajo es que los exoesqueleto en ambas especies tienen formas diferentes de regular la temperatura y por ende unos toleran mejor los rayos UV. 🧠
https://biotura.wordpress.com/2020/01/15/exoesqueleto-el-abrigo-perfecto/
Chitin is the second most abundant polymer on the planet after cellulose, did you know? We can not only extract it from insects, but also from other animals and even fungi, it is a polymer as I mentioned that it has (N-acetylglucosamine) it is a polysaccharide! Just as glucose makes up cellulose, but there is a big difference, its chemical structure is more resistant due to its abundant Nitrogen bonds! Being easy to extract, it has been the subject of studies for many years and is used in various industries.🐞🌏
La quitina es el segundo polimero mas abundante del planeta luego de la celulosa sabias? no solo lo podemos extraer de insectos tambien de otros animales e incluso hongos, es un polimero como lo mencionaba que tiene (N-acetilglucosamina) es un polisacarido! tal y cual como la glucosa compone a la celulosa pero existe una gran diferencia su estructura quimica es mas resistencia por sus abundantes enlaces de Nitrogeno! al ser facil de extraer ha sido objeto de estudios por muchos anos y se utiliza en varias industrias. 🔬🥼
https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/10297/files/TAZ-TFG-2013-049_ANE.pdf
Cuticle🐞🔬🧠/ Cuticula🕵️♂️🧫
The cuticle is the outermost part and is above the epidermis, it is actually produced by the epidermal cells of the arthropod, it is a fairly complex structure composed of chitin, since it does not have cells, so it is (acellular); It has two important functions. First, being a rigid layer, it gives the animal protection and hypermeability. The muscles are anchored here, so that is why it is an "external skeleton." Here in the image we see the structure of the cuticle, (ApC epicuticula, ExC exocuticula and endocuticula EnC).🔬🥼🐞
La cuticula es la parte mas externa y esta por encima de la epidermis, en realidad es producida por las celulas epidermicas del artropodo, es una estructura bastante compleja compuesta por quitina como no tiene celulas entonces es (acelular); tiene dos funciones importantes primero al ser una capa rigida confiere al animal proteccion e hipermeabilidad, los musculos se anclan aqui asi que por eso es un "esqueleto externo". Aqui en la imagen vemos las estructura de la cuticula, (epicuticula ApC, ExC exocuticula y endocuticula EnC).🥽🧠🧫
https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rche/v47n3/0718-8994-rche-47-03-465.pdf
Introduction to the integument🐞🔬🧠/ Introduccion al integumento🕵️♂️🧫
Studies have shown that the integument of insects is more rigid than human bone and that it does not fragment due to elasticity (Blum 1985), some say that many modern materials such as plastic were created based on the integument of insects. bugs! When these animals undergo a change in their exoskeleton, this repair occurs very quickly, unlike human bones that take a long time to repair, the integument gives the beautiful colors of insects, the most beautiful on the planet being those from the tropics! The insect body wall is "composed of three structures: "cuticle, epidermis, and basement membrane" (Moreno and Escobar 2021).🐞🧠
Estudios han demostrado que el integumento de los insectos es mas rigido que el hueso de los humanos y que no se fragmenta debido a la elasticidad (Blum 1985), hay quienes dicen que muchos materiales modernos como el plastico fueron creados inspirandose en el integumento de los bichos! cuando estos animales sufren alguna muda en su exoesqueleto esa reparacion ocurre muy rapido a diferencia de los huesos humanos que demoran mucho tiempo en repararse, el integumento confiere los hermosos colores de los insectos siendo los mas hermosos del planeta aquellos de los tropicos! la pared del cuerpo de los insectos se "compone en tres estructuras: "cuticula, epidermis y membrana basal" (Moreno y Escobar 2021).🥼🔬
The ideal is to make a more precise cut and use a good microscope with perhaps 500x or more. However, we can see a bit of the integument layer, the first being the cuticle, a rigid and flexible membrane at the same time that grants protection, incredible that the cuticle It is so strong that it cannot corrode and supports a high level of acidity, the process by which the cuticle hardens is called: (sclerotization) and according to: "Acevedo (1997)" when the insect is an adult the exoskeleton is strengthened by layers one on top of other calls: (pleuritus and sternites). After the cuticle and the epidermis, the space where the muscle is inserted (apodema) is formed. The area where the muscle is would be the endoskeleton.🕵️♂️🥽
Lo ideal es realizar un corte mas preciso y usar un buen microscopio con quizas 500x o mas sin embargo podemos ver un poco la capa del integumento siendo la primera la cuticula, una membrana rigida y flexible al mismo tiempo que concede proteccion, increible que la cuticula es tan fuerte que no puede corroerse y soporta un nivel alto de acidez, el proceso por el que la cuticula se endurece se llama: (esclerotización) y segun: "Acevedo (1997)" cuando el insecto es adulto se fortalece el exoesqueleto mediante capas una encima de otras llamadas: (pleuritos y esternitos). Luego de la cuticula y el epidermis se forma el espacio donde se inserta el musculo (apodema). La zona donde esta el musculo seria el endoesqueleto.🧠
https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rche/v47n3/0718-8994-rche-47-03-465.pdf
These animals are not able by any metabolic process to regulate their temperature and that is why they are ectothermic, this means that their temperature is the same as the environment that surrounds them! I don't have a machine to measure the heat of the insect but I can use artificial light and then with the design program extrapolate the data and increase the areas where the insect heats up "in theory". Shade insects have a modified exoskeleton to receive the sun's rays faster, while sun species have to block the sun's rays to avoid overheating (Biotura, 2020).🧠🥼🔬
Estos animales no son capaces por ningun proceso metabolico regular su temperatura y por eso son ectotermos, esto quiere decir que su temperatura es igual al del entorno que los rodea! no tengo una maquina para medir el calor del insecto pero si puedo usar luz artificial y luego con el programa de diseno extrapolar los datos e incrementar las zonas donde el insecto se calienta "en teoria". Los insectos de sombra tienen un exoesqueleto modificado para recibir los rayos solares mas rapido, mientras las especies de sol tienen que dificultar los rayos solares para evitar sobrecalentarse (Biotura, 2020).🥽🧫🧠
https://biotura.wordpress.com/2020/01/15/exoesqueleto-el-abrigo-perfecto/
(Escobar and Moreno 2021) with their work they were able to demonstrate how the photon particles found in the cuticle are capable of letting some wavelengths pass while others are "bounced", normally those with a blue tone, as you can see in my We see these crystals in two photos, the other images are the reference ones, the color is normally produced by a chitin network in the layer! as you can see in one of my beetles the blocks are hexagonal.🥽🐞🧫🔬
(Escobar y Moreno 2021) con su trabajo pudieron demostrar como las particulas de fotones que se encuentran en la cuticula son capaces de dejar pasar algunas longitudes de ondas mientras que otras son "rebotadas", normalmente las de tono azul, como puedes ver en mis dos fotos vemos esos cristales, las otras imagenes son las de referencia, el color se produce normalmente por una red de quitina en la capa! como puedes ver en uno de mis escarabajos los bloques son hexagonales.🔬🥽🥼
https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rche/v47n3/0718-8994-rche-47-03-465.pdf
Anatomy🐞🔬🧠/ Anatomia🕵️♂️🧫
I tried to make a cut twice to be able to see the anatomical parts without leaving their cavity and it is difficult because I am using a blade and a scalpel is better, however I was able to extract some parts such as the intestine, ganglion, "heart", and we can see some muscles that have the form of striations.🧠🥼🥽
intente dos veces realizar un corte para poder ver las partes anatomicas sin que salgan de su cavidad y es dificil porque estoy usando una hojilla y es mejor un bisturi sin embargo logre extraer algunas partes como el intestino, ganglio, "corazon", y podemos ver algunos musculos que tienen forma de estrias.🐞🧫🔬🩸
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THANKS FOR READING ME (PHOTOS OF MY PROPERTY) / GRACIAS POR LEERME FOTOS DE MI PROPIEDAD🙂🧠🦾👍
Referencias bibliograficas / Sources:
https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rche/v47n3/0718-8994-rche-47-03-465.pdf
https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/10297/files/TAZ-TFG-2013-049_ANE.pdf
https://biotura.wordpress.com/2020/01/15/exoesqueleto-el-abrigo-perfecto/
https://www.biodiversity4all.org/taxa/84804-Graphosoma-italicum
Bibliographic references: "" the explanation of the area was thanks to the information extracted from the internet, the appointments are mentioned in the place, other information from my intellect.
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Omg, that is some detailed and intricate work you did there.
!discovery 47
Yes, just cutting the cuticle to see the parts was a headache o.O
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Excelente información y mejores imágenes. Lo felicito. Puede usar la siguiente nomenclatura para presentar las fuentes de consulta [FUENTE] ( ), entre los paréntesis coloca la página web. Así :
Fuente sin olvidar que no deben quedar espacios entre el útimo corchete y el primer parénesis. Es solo una sugerencia. aliriera